7 For he didn't leave to Jehoahaz of the people any more than fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria destroyed them, and made them like the dust in threshing.
*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.
The meaning is that "he, the king of Syria" (2-Kings 13:4 Hazael) limited the standing army of Jehoahaz.
Like the dust by threshing - An expression not only employed metaphorically, and importing defeat, conquest, and grinding oppression Jeremiah 51:33; Micah 4:12, but implying also the literal use of threshing-instruments in the execution of prisoners of war (marginal reference, and compare 2-Samuel 12:31).
Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of (f) Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing.
(f) That is, Hazael and Benhadad his son, (2-Kings 13:3). Of Hazael read (2-Kings 13:22).
Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen,.... This is to be connected with 2-Kings 13:4, the verses 2-Kings 12:5, being to be read in a parenthesis, as in our version, and to be understood of the king of Syria, who left no more to the king of Israel, not of the people of the land, but of his army, than fifty horsemen, all the rest being either taken and carried captive by him, or slain:
and ten chariots; military chariots, with the men they carried:
and ten thousand footmen; foot soldiers; to so small a number was his army reduced through wars with the Syrians:
for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing: as corn or chaff may be reduced to dust by too much threshing; or as mire and clay by treading on it.
made them like the dust in threshing--Threshing in the East is performed in the open air upon a level plot of ground, daubed over with a covering to prevent, as much as possible, the earth, sand, or gravel from rising; a great quantity of them all, notwithstanding this precaution, must unavoidably be taken up with the grain; at the same time the straw is shattered to pieces. Hence it is a most significant figure, frequently employed by Orientals to describe a state of national suffering, little short of extermination (Isaiah 21:10; Micah 4:12; Jeremiah 51:33). The figure originated in a barbarous war custom, which Hazael literally followed (Amos 1:3-4; compare 2-Samuel 18:31; Judges 8:7).
"For (כּי) he had not left," etc., furnishes the ground for 2-Kings 13:5 : God gave them a saviour, although they did not desist from the sin of Jeroboam, for Israel had been brought to the last extremity; He (Jehovah) had left to Jehoahaz people (עם, people of war), only fifty horsemen, etc. For החטי instead of החטיא (2-Kings 13:6), see at 1-Kings 21:21. The suffix בּהּ in 2-Kings 13:6 refers to הטּאת, just as that in ממּנּה in 2-Kings 13:2 (see at 2-Kings 3:3). "And even the Asherah was (still) standing at Samaria," probably from the time of Ahab downwards (1-Kings 16:33), since Jehu is not said to have destroyed it (2-Kings 10:26.). וגו וישׂמם "and had made them like dust for trampling upon," - an expression denoting utter destruction.
He - The king of Syria. People - Of his army, or men of war.
*More commentary available at chapter level.