Psalm - 38:19



19 But my enemies are vigorous and many. Those who hate me without reason are numerous.

Verse In-Depth

Explanation and meaning of Psalm 38:19.

Differing Translations

Compare verses for better understanding.
But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied.
But my enemies live, and are stronger that I : and they hate me wrongfully are multiplied.
And mine enemies are lively, They have been strong, and those hating me without cause, Have been multiplied.
But they are strong who have hate for me without cause: those who are against me falsely are increased in numbers.
For I do declare mine iniquity; I am full of care because of my sin.

*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.


Historical Commentaries

Scholarly Analysis and Interpretation.

But mine enemies are lively - DeWette renders this, "My enemies live and are strong." The word translated "lively" - חיים chayiym - means properly "living, being alive." The literal translation would be, "My enemies, being alive, are strong." The idea is, that while he was weak and apparently near to death, they were in the full vigor of life and health. They were able to engage in active efforts to accomplish their purposes. They could take advantage of his weakness; and he could not contend with them, for he was no match for them. In every respect they had the advantage of him; and he prays, therefore, for the divine interposition in his behalf.
And they that hate me wrongfully - Hebrew, "falsely." See Psalm 35:19.
Are multiplied - They are numerous. They are constantly increasing.

But mine enemies are lively - Instead of חיים chaiyim, lively, I would read חינם chinam, without cause; a change made by the half of one letter, נ nun for a י yod. See the parallel places, Psalm 35:19 (note); Psalm 79:5 (note). See also the Preliminary Dissertation to Dr. Lowth's Isaiah, p. 40: "But without cause my enemies have strengthened themselves; and they who wrongfully hate me are multiplied." Here the one member of the verse answers to the other.

But mine (n) enemies [are] lively, [and] they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied.
(n) In my greatest misery they most rejoice.

But mine enemies are lively,.... Or "living" (q) or "live"; not in a spiritual sense; for they had no lively hope, nor living faith, but were dead in trespasses and sins; nor merely in a natural sense, or corporeally, so David was living himself; but in great prosperity and worldly happiness, and so were brisk and cheerful, and lived a merry and pleasent life;
and they are strong; not only hale and robust in body, but abounded in riches and wealth, which are the strength of wicked men;
and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied; that is, such as hated him without a cause, and made lies and falsehoods the reasons of it: these increased in numbers, or in their outward state and circumstances; see Psalm 73:4.
(q) "viventes", Pagninus, Montanus, Musculus, Junius & Tremellius, Piscator, Cocceius.

Still, while humbled before God, he is the victim of deadly enemies, full of malice and treachery.
enemies are lively--literally, "of life," who would take my life, that is, deadly.

Strong - Are thriving and flourishing.

*More commentary available at chapter level.


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