And to cast down their seed among the nations, and to scatter them in the countries.

And that he would make their seed fall among the nations, and disperse them through the countries.

And to cause their seed to fall among nations, And to scatter them through lands.

That their children might be mixed among the nations, and sent away into other lands.

and that he would make their offspring fall among the nations, and scatter them in the lands.

To overthrow their seed also among the nations - Margin, as in Hebrew, "to make them fall;" to wit, among the surrounding people. The reference here is to the posterity of those who complained and fell in the wilderness. The result of their rebellion and complaining would not terminate with them. It would extend to their posterity, and the rebellion of the fathers would be remembered in distant generations. The overthrow of the nation, and its captivity in Babylon was thus one of the remote consequences of their rebellion in the wilderness.
And to scatter them in the lands - In foreign lands - as at Babylon. If this psalm was written at the time of the Babylonian captivity, this allusion would be most appropriate. It would remind the nation that its captivity there had its origin in the ancient and long-continued disposition of the people to revolt from God.

To overthrow their seed also among the nations,.... Their posterity was not overthrown in the wilderness; they were spared to possess the land their fathers despised. This respects later times, as does what follows:
and to scatter them in the lands; which Kimchi explains by the discomfiture of them by the Amalekites and Canaanites, when they presumed, contrary to the will of God, to go up to the top of the hill; and by Arad's taking some of them prisoner, afterwards, Numbers 14:45. But this was not done, nor to be done, in the wilderness: but the meaning is, that God lifted up his hand in the wilderness, and sware there, as Ezekiel says, Ezekiel 20:23, that he would scatter them and disperse them among the Heathen; that is, at one time or another; which he did in part at the Babylonish captivity, and completely by the Romans: which is now their case, and is a standing proof of this prophecy, and an accomplishment of the oath of God.

To overthrow--literally, "To make them fall"; alluding to the words (Numbers 14:39).
among . . . nations . . . lands--The "wilderness" was not more destructive to the fathers (Psalm 106:26) than residence among the heathen ("nations") shall be to the children. Leviticus 26:33, Leviticus 26:38 is here, before the Psalmist's mind, the determination against the "seed" when rebellious, being not expressed in Numbers 14:31-33, but implied in the determination against the fathers.

Overthrow - He sware also (tho' not at the same time) that he would punish their sins, not only in their persons, but in their posterity.