19 but you have this day rejected your God, who himself saves you out of all your calamities and your distresses; and you have said to him, '(No), but set a king over us.' Now therefore present yourselves before Yahweh by your tribes, and by your thousands."
*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.
For the use of "thousand" as equivalent to "family," see 1-Samuel 23:23; Judges 6:15 margin. In Numbers 1:16 it may mean whole tribes.
Present yourselves - by your tribes - It appears that, in order to find out the proper person who should be made their king, they must determine by lot:
1. The tribe.
2. The thousands or grand divisions by families.
3. The smaller divisions by families. And,
4. The individual.
When the lot was cast for the tribe, Benjamin was taken; when for the thousand, the division of Matri was taken; when for the family, the family of Kish was taken; when for the individual, Saul, the son of Kish, was taken.
And ye have this day rejected your God,.... As their king, by desiring another to be set over them:
who himself saved you out of all your adversity and your tribulations; that they had been in at any time in Egypt, in their passage through the wilderness to Canaan, and after they were settled there:
ye have said unto him, nay, but set a king over us: they did as good as say God should not be their King, but they would have one set over them like the kings of the nations about them; Samuel reminds them of this their request and resolution to have a king, which they had expressed some time ago, that it might appear to them that this was wholly of their own seeking; the motion came from themselves, and not from the Lord, nor from Samuel, and therefore, whatever ill consequences might follow upon it, they had none to blame but themselves:
now therefore present yourselves before the Lord by your tribes, and by your thousands; by the heads of their tribes, and by the rulers of the thousands into which their tribes were divided, that it might be known either by Urim and Thummim, or rather by casting lots, out of which tribe, and out of which thousand, house, and family in it, their king was to be chosen; which method, an it would clearly appear to be a choice directed by the Lord, so it would prevent all contention and discord among themselves.
Now therefore, &c. - He puts them upon chusing their king by lot, that all might know God had chosen Saul (for the disposal of the lot is of the Lord) and to prevent all dispute and exception.
*More commentary available at chapter level.