8 Asa had an army that bore bucklers and spears, out of Judah three hundred thousand; and out of Benjamin, that bore shields and drew bows, two hundred eighty thousand: all these were mighty men of valor.
*Minor differences ignored. Grouped by changes, with first version listed as example.
The men of Judah served as heavy-armed troops, while the Benjamites were light-armed. Their numbers accord well with those of 2-Chronicles 13:3. As the boundaries of Judah had been enlarged 2-Chronicles 13:19, and as for ten years at least there had been no war 2-Chronicles 14:1, the effective force had naturally increased. It was 400, 000; it is now 580, 000.
Targets and spears - Probably targets with the dagger in the center, and javelins for distant fight.
Bare shields and drew bows - They were not only archers, but had shield and sword for close fight.
And Asa had an army of men that bare targets and spears, out of Judah three hundred thousand,.... These were armed with a large sort of shield, to protect them, and with spears, to push at an enemy when they came near them, and to close quarters with them:
and out of Benjamin, that bare shields and drew bows, two hundred and fourscore thousand; these had also a lesser sort of shields, to defend their bodies, and bows and arrows, to annoy an enemy at a distance:
all these were mighty men of valour; able bodied men, valiant and courageous; perhaps Asa gathered these together, on hearing that the Ethiopians were preparing to attack him, as follows.
The victory over the Cushite Zerah. - 2-Chronicles 14:8. "And there went forth against them Zerah." אליהם for עליהם refers to Asa's warriors mentioned in 2-Chronicles 14:7. The number of the men in Judah capable of bearing arms is mentioned only to show that Asa set his hope of victory over the innumerable host of the Cushites not on the strength of his army, but on the all-powerful help of the Lord (2-Chronicles 14:10). The Cushite זרח is usually identified with the second king of the 22nd (Bubastitic) dynasty, Osorchon I; while Brugsch, hist. de l'Eg. i. p. 298, on the contrary, has raised objections, and holds Zerah to be an Ethiopian and not an Egyptian prince, who in the reign of Takeloth I, about 944 b.c., probably marched through Egypt as a conqueror (cf. G. Rsch in Herz.'s Realenc. xviii. S. 460). The statement as to Zerah's army, that it numbered 1,000,000 warriors and 300 war-chariots, rests upon a rough estimate, in which 1000 times 1000 expresses the idea of the greatest possible number. The Cushites pressed forward to Mareshah, i.e., Marissa, between Hebron and Ashdod (see on 2-Chronicles 11:8).
*More commentary available at chapter level.